Monday, January 27, 2020

Nobel In Calcutta

Last night I went to see the Abhijit Binayak Banerjee interaction at the Victoria Memorial lawns. This was held on the concluding day of the Kolkata Lit Meet. Jeet, the organiser, had given me ten passes, so that I could pass them on to colleagues and friends. I could inspire only my family to come along. Monisha came from work. An almost reluctant Mampu came from home. We walked from the Exide head office to Victoria, past an obnoxious urinal and a beautiful garden juxtaposed side by side . 

Banerjee was interviewed by Udayan Mukherjee, the ex-anchor of CNBC India. I would've thought he was more suited to interview stock brokers but at the end of the evening he did a reasonably decent job. Much to my surprise I later discovered Udayan had studied economics at Presidency and JNU much like the interviewee. 

The interaction was strictly on Banerjee's new book Good Economics For Hard Times. But of course it touched upon various controversial political issues as well. 

I went principally to see a Bengali Nobel laureate. I did not expect him to say anything earth shattering. And he didn't disappoint anyone with anything earth shattering. He was extremely guarded in his reaction to very provocative questions on the current BJP government and its policies. There was no question on CAA and no answers either. He used to be more free flowing in his criticisms of the government before winning the Nobel. 

The Victoria Memorial makes for a fantastic backdrop for such occasions. The lawn was overflowing with Calcuttans including some very old people who had to walk a considerable distance to reach the venue. Many, including the three of us, had to stand it out for the hour long interaction. But the questions that the enthusiastic crowd asked (only four questions were allowed), at the end of the interview, were rather useless and a waste of an opportunity. They should have taken the questions from the audience during the interview on pieces of paper and then let Banerjee or Mukherjee choose the questions worth answering. 

A young girl asked something as banal as what he wanted to be in his next life. He also rubbished a questioner who asked for his opinion on the asset selling plans of the current government. I think that's a very silly thing to do - rubbishing a questioner. I think there is a difference between a policy decision for a government to exit businesses as a whole and a government selling its prized assets under financial duress, which is what is happening now. 

The evening ended with a queue to get his signed copies of the book. We beat a retreat and went home :-) Indians don't win Nobel very often. But most of those who have won so far is a Calcuttan or has some Calcutta connection. Does it make me proud? You bet.


Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Bhutan Diaries


নরবুলিংপেমালিংতাশিফু। তিরিশ বছর আগে এই নাম গুলো জীবনের সাথে অঙ্গাঙ্গি ভাবে জড়িয়ে ছিল।এগুলো যে কোনওদিন ভুলে যেতে পারি মাথায় আসে নি কখনো। সেদিন কি একটা কথায় এই প্রসঙ্গ উঠলো। তখন দেখি একটা নাম ভুলে গেছি। তাই ভাবলাম এবার লিখে রাখি এগুলো। সময় হয়েছে।

আমি ভুটানে আমার তিন বছরের জীবন নিয়ে কখনো কিছু লিখিনি।কারণ ওই অভিজ্ঞতা  স্মৃতি নেহাতই আমার। ওটা কারোর সাথে ভাগ করা সম্ভব নয়।এটা কোনো স্বার্থপরতার জায়গা থেকে বলছি না। আসলে ভুটান দেশটা  তার যে দিকটার সঙ্গে আমার পরিচয় হয়েছিলতার মানুষপ্রকৃতি  পাহাড়ি সারল্য সেটা কলকাতার বাঙালিকে ঠিক বুঝিয়ে বলা আমার পক্ষে সম্ভব নয়।এছাড়া কতকগুলো জাতীয় ট্রাজেডির সাক্ষী ছিলাম আমি। সেটা মনের ভেতর যে ক্ষত সৃষ্টি করেছিল সেটা কারুর সঙ্গে ভাগ করার নয়। ওগুলো নেহাতই আমার ক্ষত।

আজকে লিখতে বসেছি বা অন্তত শুরু করেছি এই ভেবে যে এবার আমি নিজেই ভুলতে বসেছি সেই সব কথা  ঘটনা  ভুটানের সেই সময়ের কারো সাথে আমার যেহেতু আলাপ নেই আজকে তাই এই স্মৃতি একান্তই আমার একলার। চর্চার অভাবে বয়সকালে ভুলে যাওয়াই স্বাভাবিক। তাই নেহাৎ নিজের জন্যই লিখে রাখছি।

ভুটানে আমি গেছিলাম ইস্কুলের মাস্টার হয়ে। প্রাথমিক বিদ্যালয়। ওখানে তখন সমস্ত স্কুলই সরকারি ছিল। কাজেই আমার স্কুলটাও সরকারি। নরবুলিং প্রাইমারি স্কুল। তবে নরবুলিং প্রাইমারি স্কুলে প্রথমে আমার চাকরি হয় নি। চাকরির অফার লেটার টায় যোগ দেবার কোনো নির্দিষ্ট তারিখ ছিল না। শুধু লেখা ছিল আমায় তকলাই প্রাইমারি স্কুলে যোগ দিতে হবে। সেটা কি ভাবে যাবোআসামের কোঁকড়াঝাড়ে নেবে বাসে Gaylegphug  যেতে হবে। সেখানে DEO  সাথে দেখা করতে হবে।

Gaylegphug কে আমি পড়ে ছিলাম "গাই লেগ ফুগ" . পরে জেনে ছিলাম ওটা গেলেফু। ওখানকার বাঙাল দোকানদাররা আবার গেলেমফুঙ বলত। যাই হোক।

১৯৮৯ সালে গুগল ছিল না। ভুটান সম্বন্ধে কিছুই জানি না। মা' কলেজের এক নাক চ্যাপ্টা দারওয়ান  কে মা জিজ্ঞেস করেছিল। সে বলল না না আমি নেপালি। শেষ পর্যন্ত্য কলকাতায় কোনো ভুটানি কে আমরা খুঁজে পাই নি। আমার প্রশ্ন গুলো ছিল এরকম - এই যে হাজার তিনেক টাকা মাইনে পাবতাতে মাস চলবে ? ওখানে থাকা খাওয়ার খরচ সম্বন্ধে কোনো ধারণা নেই আমার। এক্সচেঞ্জ রেটও জানি না। দ্বিতীয় প্রশ্ন এই গেলেফু যাবো কি করেকোঁকড়াঝাড় তখন বোড়ো আন্দোলনের একদম কেন্দ্রে। বাস ট্রেন সমস্ত বন্ধ। মাসের পর মাস। কাজেই ওখান দিয়ে যাওয়ার কোনো প্রশ্নই নেই। তাহলে উপায় ?

আমার নেপালে যাওয়ার অভিজ্ঞতা দিয়ে ভেবে ঠিক করলাম -  ভুটান বিদেশ হতে পারে কিন্তু after all একটা তৃতীয় বিশ্বের দেশ। কত আর খরচা হবেগিয়েই দেখি। অসুবিধে বুঝলে চলে আসবো। গেলেফু যাওয়ার ব্যাপারে ঠিক করলাম ময়দান থেকে যে ফুন্টশিলিংয়ের বাস যায় তাতে চড়ে ফুন্টশিলিং যাই। তারপর দেখা যাবে। নিশ্চই ভুটানের ভেতর দিয়ে ওদের কোনো রাস্তা আছে।

অর্থাৎ কিছুই না জেনে, "গিয়ে দেখা যাবেএই মন্ত্র নিয়ে একদিন সন্ধ্যে বেলায় সেই বাসে চড়ে বসলাম। ধর্মতলায় এসেছিল আমার বাবামাবন্ধু চেঙকু  প্রসেনজিৎ। সঙ্গে দুটো জিনিস। একটা স্যুট কেস আর একটা ফ্রেম দেয়া রাক স্যাক। ডাউনের স্লিপিং ব্যাগ টা নিয়েছিলাম কারণ ঠান্ডা নিশ্চই।

ফুন্টশিলিংয়ে পৌঁছতে দুপুর হয়ে গেলো। বাস থেকে নেবে সামনের প্রথম হোটেলটায় গিয়ে একটা ঘর নিলাম। এখন আর মনে নেই কত কিন্তু সাংঘাতিক কিছু দাম নয়। খানিকটা নিশ্চিন্ত। বাবা মা কে ছেড়ে এসে খুব মন খারাপ লাগছিল। হোটেল থেকে দেখলাম ট্রাঙ্ক কল করা যায়। একটা ট্রাঙ্ক কল বুক করে খোঁজ নিলাম যে এই থাই লেগ ফুগ কি ভাবে যায় এখন থেকে। ওরা হেসে বলল না না গেলেফু। বলল এখন থেকে সকালে দুটো বাস যায় এক সাথে। ইন্ডিয়ার ভেতর দিয়েই যায়তবে আসামের রাস্তায় army escort থাকে। বলল এক্ষুনি টিকিট কেটে আনুন। পরে পাবেন না। মে মাস। ঠান্ডার নাম গন্ধ নেই। টিকিটি কেটে এলাম। বাড়িতে ট্রাঙ্ক কল টা গেল কিন্তু কিছুই প্রায় সোনা গেলো না। যাই হক কিচুটা মন ভালো হলো।

পরের দিন সকাল সকাল বাসে গুছিয়ে বসলাম। ব্যাগ দুটো ছাতেআমি পেছনের দিকে একটা সীটে। টাটার বাস।  লোকাল বাসের মতো ভিড়। মানে তেমন কিছু বিদেশী ব্যাপার নয়। ফরেক্সের ব্যাপারটা দেখলাম :১। ওখানকার টাকাকে বলে ন্যুট্রম। ভালোই হলো। শুনলাম সব জায়গায় IC (Indian Currency) চলে।

তাশি ট্রান্সপোর্ট কর্পোরেশনের চারটে বাস এক সাথে ছাড়ল। দুটো যাবে গেলেফুবঙাইগাঁওয়ের কাছে। অন্য্ দুটো যাবে সামদ্রুপঝোঁকার। গৌহাটির কাছে। প্রথম স্টপ এলো বারবিসা। জলপাইগুড়ির একটা ছোট টাউন। চা জলখাবারের জায়গা। সামনে একের পর এক অমলেট ভাজা হচ্ছে। যে যার মত খেয়ে নিয়ে আবার বাসে ওঠা। অবশেষে শ্রীরামপুর বলে একটা জায়গায় এসে বাস টা দাঁড়িয়ে গেলো। মাইল পাঁচেক লম্বা একটা ট্রাকের লাইন। সবাই রাস্তার ধারে সার দিয়ে দাঁড়িয়ে। সামনে একটা চেক পোস্ট। আমরা সেই লাইনের মাথায়।

জানা গেলো এটা আসাম বেঙ্গলের বর্ডার। এখান থেকে আর্মির জীপ আমাদের নিয়ে যাবে। তাদের আসার অপেক্ষা শুরু হলো। বোকার মতো দাঁড়িয়ে থাকা ছাড়া কোনও  কাজ নেই। বেশ কয়েক ঘন্টার পর একটা আর্মির জিপ এলো। একেবারে সামনে কয়েকটা ট্রাক চলা শুরু করলো। তারপর জীপ সেই কনভয় তে ঢুকলো। পেছনেই আমাদের ছাড়তে বাস। পেছনে বাকি ট্রাক সমস্ত। কয়েক শো ট্রাক। মাঝ খানে মাঝ খানে আর্মির লরি।

যুদ্ধ বিধ্যস্ত একটা দেশের মধ্যে দিয়ে যাচ্ছি যেন। জঙ্গলে ধিকি ধিকি আগুনে বিশাল বিশাল গাছ পুড়ছে জায়গায় জায়গায়। মাঝে মধ্যেই পুড়ে যাওয়া বাজার। একটাও লোক দেখিনি গোটা রাস্তা টায়। রাস্তার মাঝে একটা জায়গায় আমাদের বাস থেমে গেলো। মেন্ কনভয়টা চলে গেলো পুব দিকে। আমরা এখান থেকে উত্তরে যাবো।

জায়গাটার নাম সামথই বাড়ি। হাই ওয়ে  ওপর একটা বিন্দু। আশপাশে কিছু চায়ের দোকান গোছের ঝুপড়ি। দোকান গুলো ফাঁকা। দেখেই বোঝা যায় সবাই পালিয়ে গেছে। কেউ কোত্থাও নেই। খাঁ খাঁ করছে। একটা বেড়াল কুকুরও  নেই। দু একটা দোকানে গুলির দাগ দেখলাম। মাটির দেয়াল। গা ছম ছম করছিল। এই জায়গাটা বঙাইগাঁওয়ের ঠিক বাইরে। এখান থেকে ঘন জঙ্গলের মধ্যে দিয়ে একটা রাস্তা উত্তরে ভুটানে চলে গেছে। ওই রাস্তা দিয়ে আমাদের যেতে হবে। কিন্তু এসকর্ট নেই। তাই অপেক্ষা। আমার যে খুব ভয় করছিল তা নয়। তবে একটা বাস ভর্তি লোক যদি সবাই চুপ করে থাকে তাহলে একটা গুরু গম্ভীর ভাব এমনিতেই তৈরী হয়। ড্রাইভার বলে দিয়েছে এদিক ওদিক না যেতে। খানিক পর সে বললো চলুন আমরা দু কিলোমিটার দূরে রুনিখাতা থানায় গিয়ে দাঁড়াই। এখানে দাঁড়ানোটা খুব রিস্কি হয়ে যাচ্ছে। কখন এসকর্ট আসবে তার কোনো ঠিক নেই।

রুনিখাতা থানার সামনে খানিকটা মাঠ। উঁচু কাঁটা তারে ঘেরা। বাইরে বালির বাঙ্কার করা। সেখানে বন্দুক হাতেমাথায় হেলমেট পরা পুলিশ। আশা করা যায় দিন দুপুরে এখানে এটাক হবে না। বেশ অনেক্ষন পর আর্মির গাড়ি এলো। বাস চলা শুরু হলো। গভীর জঙ্গল। মাঝে মাঝে বোড়ো গ্রাম। সেখান থেকে বোড়ো মেয়েরা ওঠা নাবা করছে বাসে। ব্লাউস ছাড়া শাড়ি পরে সবাই। বুকের ওপর টেনে বাঁধা। মোটেও অশোভন নয়। বেশিরভাগের পিঠে বাচ্চা বাঁধা কাপড়ের ওড়না দিয়ে। বোড়ো গ্রাম গুলোয় একটা চোখে পড়ার মতো জিনিস হলোপ্রত্যেকটা গ্রামের একটা লাইব্রেরি আছে। তাতে কি বই আছে বা কে পড়ে জানি না। কিন্তু আছে।

অবশেষে এলো গেলেফু। বিকেল গড়িয়ে এসেছে। বাস থেকে নেবে ভারাক্রান্ত মনে হেঁটে হেঁটে শহরটায় ঢুকলাম। প্রথম যে হোটেলটা দেখলাম তাতেই ঢুকে পড়লাম। নামটা মনে নেই। বোধ হয় কুয়েঙ্গা রাবতেন। দোতলা বাড়ি। শহরে কারেন্ট নেই। ভালোই গরম। কিন্তু কলকাতার লোক। লোডশেডিংয়ের ভয় আমি পাই না।

বেশি কিছু মনে নেই তবে এটুকু মনে আছে সেদিন রাত্রে মা কে একটা লম্বা চিঠি লিখেছিলাম। পৌঁছ সংবাদ। পরদিন ভোরে বাস ড্রাইভার টা কে দিয়ে ছিলাম যে ফুন্টশিলিং থেকে পোস্ট করে দেবে স্ট্যাম্প লাগিয়ে। তাড়াতাড়ি যাবে। কিছু টাকাও দিয়েছিলাম। কেউ কথা রাখে নি।
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Norbuling, Pemaling, Tashiphug. Or even Shersong. These names used to be part of my consciousness some thirty years ago. It never occurred to me that there might come a day when I would forget these names. The other day in one of those rare occasions the topic of my life in Bhutan arose and I realised I had forgotten one of the names. That's why I thought I should perhaps write these memories down for posterity.

I have never written anything about my three years in Bhutan. Because that experience and memory is exclusively mine. I cannot share it with anyone. You might find it selfish but that is not how I see it. Actually the side of Bhutan that I was exposed to and got to know, the people in their natural background and the simplicity of the mountain people, their way of life and their warmth is impossible for me to explain to the Bengalis of Calcutta.

Also I was witness to a few national tragedies that completely changed the Bhutan that I knew. They created a certain deep wound in me. Those are entirely my wound and I cannot share them with anyone. I am still haunted by them and I guess I will take those wounds with me into the hot chamber of the crematorium when I finally go there. 

I have finally got down to write those memories down because I have myself started to forget them. This is largely because I don't have anyone form those days with whom I could share those memories. 

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As per my appointment letter I was supposed to report to the District Education Officer in Gaylegphug and then go and join Taklai Primary School. How does one reach Gaylegphug? The instruction was simple - catch a bus from Kokrajhar in Assam. Now Kokrajhar in 1989 was in the heart of the extremely violent Bodo agitation. Trains and buses to Assam were suspended for months because the agitators used to plant bombs on train tracks and buses would often burst while speeding over the highways. 

I had no clue how one navigates to Gaylegphug without going through Kokrajhan. I had a few other questions about going to Bhutan. Will Rs 3000 per month be enough as a salary? In Calcutta it would be a princely sum but what about Bhutan? I could not find any single Bhutanese to answer these questions. Google and internet were completely unknown back then. There was a security guard in my mother's college who had a flat Mongoloid nose. We asked him and he said he was a Nepali and not Bhutanese. 

I decided I shall take the Phuntsholling bus from Esplanade. Go there and see how to reach Gaylegphug. There must be a route through Bhutan, like in Nepal. Regarding cost of living I reasoned that Bhutan was after all a Third World country. How expensive can it be? Let me go and check it out. 

So with zero knowledge about the country and its geography, one fine evening I boarded the bus in Esplanade. My parents had come to see me off. With them were two of my friends - Prasenjit and Chenka to wave me good bye. I had a suitcase and an old green rucksack with a rusty frame for luggage. I had also taken my down sleeping bag. Bhutan must be cold, I had reasoned.

By the time I reached the border town of Phuntsholling, it had become late afternoon. I checked into the first hotel that I could see. I cannot remember the exact tariff but it wasn't anything fancy. I felt reassured that at least the cost of hotel room is reasonably affordable. I asked the guy at the reception how to go to "Thai - Leg - Phug". He laughed out loud and told me it is Gaylegphug and pronounced Gelephu. He said there are two buses that go to Gaylegphug every morning through Assam. There is no seperate road through Bhutan. Run to the bus stand and book the ticket, otherwise you will have to stay here tomorrow, meaning more cost in the hotel. 

I did as instructed and got one of the last tickets. In the evening I booked a trunk call home and though I could hardly hear their voice, I felt better to be able to connect to my mother. Early next morning I boarded the crowded bus in one of the rear seats. Four bus would go together. Two for Gaylegphug near Bongaigaon and two for Samdrupjhonkar, a Bhutanese border town near Guwahati, farther east.

The first stop was a small town in Jalpaiguri called Barabisa. The bus stopped in front of a tea shop and everyone went for breakfast. Fried eggs and toast and some tea. After breakfast we started again. Soon the bus reached a place called Srirampur. This is the Bengal/Assam border. I saw a 5-km long line of trucks parked on the side of the road. Our convoy of four buses stopped near the head of this queue of trucks. I was told that now that we will enter the disturbed state of Assam, Indian army will escort us through this area that lies ahead. After an inordinately long wait, the army vehicles arrived. Truck loads of soldiers and a few jeeps came. They positioned themselves in various strategic points within this massive line of trucks and the convoy started. 

On this journey I didn't see a  single human being on the road. The bus went through forests and small hamlets with no population. Deserted bazaars came on the way. Most looked burnt down. I saw fire burning down huge trees in the forests. I don't know who set fire to the innocent forest or why. It was a very sorry sight. I still feel very sad when I think about this journey. 

Soon our bus stopped on the way side and the main convoy of trucks crossed us. This is a place called Samthaibari. It is just outside the Bongaigaon town. We will now travel (I think 30/40 km) north towards Gaylegphug. This is a densely forested part and the road is relatively much narrower. It goes through Bodo villages. 

We would wait here for another army escort vehicle to come and escort us. So I got down from the bus to let my legs stretch out. Samthaibari looked like a haunted place. It's just a dot on the highway. It has a few abandoned thatched huts that were highway side shops selling food and tea to truckers in normal times. But all are deserted now. Some of the huts had bullet marks and holes on the mud walls. Obviously gun battles have been fought here. May be people have been killed right here. There was not a soul to be found anywhere. Not even a cat or a stray dog. It felt very uncanny. If I was watching all this in a film there would be a slow sad music in the background. A bus full of silent people, in a silent place with such abandoned huts with bullet holes in the walls makes for a very uncanny experience.

Our drivers increasingly got jittery about waiting here alone. They feared an attack any time. And no one knew when the army escort would come. They decided to move ahead a couple of kilometers and wait near the police station of Runikhata. Here, there was a small field outside the police station cordoned off with a barbed wire fencing. Armed guards were manning the gate sitting behind sand bunkers. Our buses entered this area and waited. We felt quite safe here. The escort van arrived and our northward journey started again in right earnest. 

The bus passed through Bodo villages where women and men boarded the bus or got off. The women had a different type of dress I had never seen before. They didn't wear any blouse. They wore a piece of cloth wrapped around their chest. Nothing vulgar about it. Everyone looked very dignified. Many had their child tied on the back with another piece of cloth. I found a peculiar thing here. Virtually every village had a small library on the road side. I do not know if they all really study so seriously here but this is a very unusual thing in India. 

The bus entered Gaylegphug and I entered the small town with my rucksack and suitcase. I walked into the first hotel again. There was a loadshedding going on in the town. Being a Calcuttan I wasn't worried by that. I wrote a long letter to my mother detailing the journey. Next morning I put it in an envelop and gave it to the bus driver going back to Phuntsholling, asking him to post it on my behalf from there. It would reach faster I thought. It never did. No one kept their words. 

It was broad day light but there was an uncanny feeling.